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Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertility Practices: Influences on Hop Chemistry, Aroma, and Nitrate Accumulation

Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertility Practices: Influences on Hop Chemistry, Aroma, and Nitrate... Abstract Multiphasic studies were conducted to quantify how sulfur fertilization influences nitrate levels in hops, and how nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer dose jointly affect hop yield, brewing chemistry, and aroma of hops and beer. In an observational study of commercial lots of Simcoe® hops, a weak positive correlation was found between sulfur and nitrate concentrations. In field studies with Simcoe® in Washington, factorial combinations of representative low and high rates of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer revealed that nitrate content of cones increased 13 to 22% with increasing nitrogen dose yet declined 8 to 8.7% with an increasing sulfur dose. Yield was unaffected by the lower dose of nitrogen when sulfur dose was high; effects on α-acids, total oil, and hop and beer aroma were not detected. Cysteine-3SH and cysteinylglycine-3SH were reduced 19% and 23%, in cones that received the higher sulfur dose in one year; other thiols and precursors were unaffected. In cultivar Willamette in Oregon, increasing sulfur dose over an 11-fold range by varying nitrogen fertilizer form from urea to ammonium sulfate had small to non-detectable effects on yield, α-acids, or nitrate concentrations. Hop aroma and brewing characteristics appear largely invariant to sulfur fertilization; increased sulfur fertilization may reduce hop nitrate levels modestly in certain situations. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists Taylor & Francis

Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertility Practices: Influences on Hop Chemistry, Aroma, and Nitrate Accumulation

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References (21)

Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
This work was authored as part of the Contributor’s official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 USC. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under US Law.
ISSN
0361-0470
eISSN
1943-7854
DOI
10.1080/03610470.2023.2204412
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Multiphasic studies were conducted to quantify how sulfur fertilization influences nitrate levels in hops, and how nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer dose jointly affect hop yield, brewing chemistry, and aroma of hops and beer. In an observational study of commercial lots of Simcoe® hops, a weak positive correlation was found between sulfur and nitrate concentrations. In field studies with Simcoe® in Washington, factorial combinations of representative low and high rates of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer revealed that nitrate content of cones increased 13 to 22% with increasing nitrogen dose yet declined 8 to 8.7% with an increasing sulfur dose. Yield was unaffected by the lower dose of nitrogen when sulfur dose was high; effects on α-acids, total oil, and hop and beer aroma were not detected. Cysteine-3SH and cysteinylglycine-3SH were reduced 19% and 23%, in cones that received the higher sulfur dose in one year; other thiols and precursors were unaffected. In cultivar Willamette in Oregon, increasing sulfur dose over an 11-fold range by varying nitrogen fertilizer form from urea to ammonium sulfate had small to non-detectable effects on yield, α-acids, or nitrate concentrations. Hop aroma and brewing characteristics appear largely invariant to sulfur fertilization; increased sulfur fertilization may reduce hop nitrate levels modestly in certain situations.

Journal

Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists – Taylor & Francis

Published: Jan 2, 2024

Keywords: Humulus lupulus L.; nitrate; nitrogen; sulfur; thiol

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