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A systematic review of measures of gender and biological sex: Exploring candidates for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) research

A systematic review of measures of gender and biological sex: Exploring candidates for... INTRODUCTIONThe United States (US) has set an ambitious national goal to understand the impact of sex and gender on the trajectories of brain aging and disease, phenotypes of dementia risk and responsiveness to treatment, and influences of gender on disease mechanisms.1 The US government defines sex as a biological concept that consists of chromosomal measurement, sex organs, endogenous hormones, and other features encoded in DNA that typically characterize differences between men and women. The World Health Organization has a similar definition while also explicitly acknowledging the characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both.2 Gender, by contrast, is socially constructed and consists of enacted roles and behaviors that occur in historical and cultural contexts.3 Achieving this national goal will require scrutinizing how sex and gender are understood and measured in Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias (AD/ADRD) research.Sex, also referred to as biological sex, and gender are well‐known social and structural determinants of health (SSDoH). They shape environmental conditions where individuals are born, live, learn, work, and age. As a result, they can impact an individual's risk for AD/ADRD, ability to receive a diagnosis, and ability to optimize treatment and care.4Studying sex and gender may http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring Wiley

A systematic review of measures of gender and biological sex: Exploring candidates for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) research

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References (74)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 the Alzheimer's Association.
eISSN
2352-8729
DOI
10.1002/dad2.12359
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe United States (US) has set an ambitious national goal to understand the impact of sex and gender on the trajectories of brain aging and disease, phenotypes of dementia risk and responsiveness to treatment, and influences of gender on disease mechanisms.1 The US government defines sex as a biological concept that consists of chromosomal measurement, sex organs, endogenous hormones, and other features encoded in DNA that typically characterize differences between men and women. The World Health Organization has a similar definition while also explicitly acknowledging the characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both.2 Gender, by contrast, is socially constructed and consists of enacted roles and behaviors that occur in historical and cultural contexts.3 Achieving this national goal will require scrutinizing how sex and gender are understood and measured in Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias (AD/ADRD) research.Sex, also referred to as biological sex, and gender are well‐known social and structural determinants of health (SSDoH). They shape environmental conditions where individuals are born, live, learn, work, and age. As a result, they can impact an individual's risk for AD/ADRD, ability to receive a diagnosis, and ability to optimize treatment and care.4Studying sex and gender may

Journal

Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease MonitoringWiley

Published: Jan 1, 2023

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